Paveli} K: THE ROLE OF GENES AND INFECTION IN MALIGNANT TUMOURS
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چکیده
Primljeno studeni 1999 Prema aktualnim spoznajama u nastanku raka klju~nu ulogu imaju dvije skupine gena, koji ina~e ~ine samo mali dio cjelokupnoga geneti~kog ustrojstva. To su onkogeni i tumor-supresorski geni. Ti geni upravljaju stani~nim ciklusom. Mutacijom protoonkogeni postaju onkogeni uzrokuju}i intenzivnu i nezaustavljivu proliferaciju stanica. Za razliku od onkogena, zlo}udni potencijal tumor-supresorskih gena posljedica je njihove inaktivacije. Posljedica je prestanak funkcioniranja nu‘nih ko~nica u stanici koje spre~avaju diobu. Rak nastaje kad se u stanici nagomila stanoviti broj mutacija djelovanjem razli~itih ~imbenika, obi~no tijekom mnogo godina. ^ini se da su geni nasljednog raka odgovorni za manje od 5% svih zlo}udnih tumora. Sve je vi{e informacija o uzro~no-posljedi~noj povezanosti mikroba i raka. Pritom su naj~e{}i etiolo{ki ~imbenici virusi koji u svojem genomu sadr‘avaju gene ~iji proteinski produkti mogu imortalizirati stanicu doma}ina i poticati njezinu proliferaciju. Virusima se pripisuje nastanak ~ak 20% zlo}udnih tumora. Pravodobna vakcinacija ili razvoj lijekova koji }e inhibirati virusne onkoproteine na~in je da se smanji u~estalost tumora viralnog podrijetla.
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